Leaving Cert Economics 2023

The 2023 Leaving Cert Economics exam paper and official marking scheme, free below as direct PDF links from the State Examinations Commission archive.

Higher Level

Exam PaperMarking Scheme
What's in the 2023 Higher Level paper?
  • Q1 supply, price discrimination, market structures · 12 marks
  • Q2 price elasticity of demand, taxation, excise duties · 12 marks
  • Q3 marginal utility, diminishing marginal utility, equi-marginal principle · 12 marks
  • Q4 costs of production, average cost, marginal cost · 12 marks
  • Q5 production possibilities frontier, scarcity, opportunity cost · 12 marks
  • Q6 taxation, direct tax, indirect tax, canons of taxation · 12 marks
  • Q7 market equilibrium, housing market, government intervention · 12 marks
  • Q8 monetary policy, european central bank, interest rates, eurozone · 12 marks
  • Q9 diminishing marginal returns, specialisation, economies of scale · 12 marks
  • Q10 national income, gdp, gnp, modified gni · 12 marks
  • Q11 population, factors of production, labour mobility, human development index · 75 marks
  • Q12 perfect competition, market concentration, herfindahl hirschman index, windfall tax · 75 marks
  • Q13 circular flow of income, multiplier, hidden economy, international competitiveness · 75 marks
  • Q14 unemployment, full employment, cost-benefit analysis, trade protection · 75 marks
  • Q15 inflation, consumer price index, exchange rates, government intervention · 75 marks
  • Q16 demand, market equilibrium, market failure, circular economy · 75 marks

Ordinary Level

Exam PaperMarking Scheme
What's in the 2023 Ordinary Level paper?
  • Q1 unemployment, data interpretation
  • Q2 banking, central bank
  • Q3 labour market, skills shortage
  • Q4 monopoly, market structures
  • Q5 supply, price elasticity
  • Q6 gdp, national income
  • Q7 taxation, government finance
  • Q8 human development index, government expenditure
  • Q9 opportunity cost, government expenditure
  • Q10 government intervention, private and social benefits
  • Q11 monopolistic competition, long run equilibrium, hidden economy · 75 marks
  • Q12 taxation, government revenue, interest rates · 75 marks
  • Q13 exports, national income, interest rates · 75 marks
  • Q14 price changes, costs and revenue, fixed and variable costs · 75 marks
  • Q15 subsidy, demand curve, government intervention · 75 marks
  • Q16 factors of production, economic goods, economies of scale, food waste · 75 marks
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